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槲皮素治疗甲状腺癌的研究进展

李 志强, 陈 红跃

摘要

甲状腺癌(thyroid carcinoma,TC)是中国高发的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率近年来逐渐上升,对人类健康构成严重威胁。近年来,槲皮素的抗甲状腺癌研究引起关注,槲皮素属于黄酮类化合物,具有多种药理作用,包括抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化等作用。槲皮素在体外模型中能够有效抑制甲状腺癌细胞的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,抑制细胞迁移与侵袭,并促进细胞再分化。其作用机制可能涉及半胱天冬酶3(Caspase-3)的激活、非甾体抗炎药激活基因-1(NAG-1)的表达调控,以及与热休克蛋白90(HSP90)和异质性核糖核蛋白(hnRNP)等相关的信号通路。此外,槲皮素对内皮-间充质转化(EMT)的干预表现出一定效果,提示其在抑制肿瘤侵袭和转移方面可能发挥重要作用。槲皮素还能够增强常规化疗药物的疗效,同时降低耐药风险,显示出良好的临床前前景。此外,纳米递送系统的应用有望克服槲皮素水溶性差、生物利用度低的问题,提高其抗肿瘤效果。本综述旨在为槲皮素在甲状腺癌的药物开发与临床应用提供参考,推动其作为一种潜在的辅助手段在甲状腺癌治疗中的应用。

关键词

槲皮素;黄酮类化合物;甲状腺癌;作用机制;综述

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参考

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