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诊室外高血压的最新研究进展

金 喜泉, 成 宪武

摘要

高血压是一种普遍的慢性疾病,也是全球心血管疾病的主要危险因素。准确的血压测量对于高血压的有效诊断和管理至关重要。诊室外血压测量,包括动态血压监测(ABPM)和家庭血压监测(HBPM),因其能够长期提供全面的血压概况而备受重视。这些方法有助于检测白大衣高血压和隐匿高血压等现象,从而更精确地评估患者的心血管风险并实现量身定制的治疗策略。传统的诊室血压测量虽然被广泛使用,但有明显的局限性。白大衣效应等因素会导致临床环境中人为地升高读数,从而导致误诊和不适当的治疗。此外,诊室中的单时间点测量无法捕捉到昼夜血压的变化,从而忽略了有关患者真实血压状态的关键信息。这些局限性限制了传统方法在高血压管理中的应用效果,但也促使临床实践和研究进一步探索更具代表性和实用性的测量手段。本综述旨在全面概述诊外血压测量技术,重点介绍其方法学特征和临床应用。我们将总结当前的研究结果,讨论 ABPM 和 HBPM 的优势和局限性,并探讨它们在加强高血压诊断和管理中的作用。通过这些方面,我们试图强调将诊外血压监测纳入常规临床实践以改善患者预后的重要性。

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