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结核病:流行病学和控制

乔治 亚·, 阿尔 贝托, 阿尔 贝托, 马里 奥·

摘要

结核病(TB)是全球主要的公共卫生问题:尽管在过去十年中发病率经常下降,尽管缓慢下降,但 2012年
估计有多达 860万新病例和 130万人死亡。结核病是所有人指一种与贫困有关的疾病,主要影响最贫困国家的最脆弱
人群。大多数国家都存在耐多药结核分枝杆菌菌株,在某些地方的流行率很高,这是结核病控制的主要挑战之一,
这可能会阻碍最近取得的成就,尤其是在某些情况下。早期发现结核病病例,尤其是在资源有限的环境和边缘化群
体中仍然是一个挑战,估计约有 300万人仍未得到诊断或未得到通知和治疗。世界卫生组织(WHO)最近推出了一
项新的“后 2015时代”全球结核病战略,旨在到 2035年“结束全球结核病流行”。该战略基于强调以患者为中心的
结核病护理的三大支柱和预防,大胆的政策和支持系统,以及加强研究和创新。本文旨在概述全球结核病流行病学
以及消除该疾病作为世界各地的公共卫生问题所必须面对的主要挑战。

关键词

结核病;流行病学

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参考

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