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酒精相关危害的回顾:最近的更新

诺扎 娜凯, 阿比 丁义

摘要

在20世纪初期,关于酒精的讨论主要针对其治疗用途,但当局现在表示,任何水平的酒精消费都会对健康
造成负面影响。近几个月来,全世界对酒精使用引起的疾病负担越来越关注。随着越来越多的研究阐明酒精对不同
身体系统的有害影响,越来越多的证据需要记录和发表。本综述旨在概述最近有关饮酒不良后果的文献。
饮酒,尤其是大量饮酒,是许多健康问题的重要风险因素,因此是全球疾病负担的主要贡献者。事实上,酒精是导
致30多种疾病的必要根本原因,也是导致更多疾病的一个因素。完全或部分由饮酒引起的最常见疾病类别包括传染
病、癌症、糖尿病、神经精神疾病(包括酒精使用障碍)、心血管疾病、肝脏和胰腺疾病以及无意和故意伤害。对这
些疾病风险的了解有助于制定低风险饮酒指南。除了影响饮酒者的这些疾病风险外,饮酒还会影响他人的健康,并
对饮酒者和其他人造成社会危害,从而增加与饮酒相关的总体成本。这些发现强调需要开展有效的预防工作,以减
少因过度饮酒而导致的疼痛和痛苦以及相关成本。

关键词

酒精滥用;酒精相关疾病;人类;健康

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