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基于荧光碳点在生物医学检测应用进展研究

温文馨, 闫丽茹, 刘彦宏, 冯慧娜, 卢骆川, 卢怀民*

摘要

荧光碳点（Carbon dots, CDs）是一类新兴的碳基纳米材料，凭借其独特的光学特性、卓越的生物相容性以及灵活的表面可修饰性等生化特性，在生物医学领域展现出广阔的应用前景。CDs不仅拥有结构可调控、荧光稳定性高等优势，还可通过元素掺杂和表面功能化等手段实现性能的精准调控。目前，CDs的合成主要采用自上而下和自下而上作为合成的两种策略，其中环境友好的绿色合成方法因其可持续性和经济性而备受青睐。在生物传感领域，CDs已成功构建为比率型荧光探针、免疫荧光标记以及荧光共振能量转移（FRET）探针等先进检测平台，显著提高了生物标志物检测的灵敏度和实时监测能力，在疾病检测、肿瘤治疗、神经科学研究等方面取得重要突破。在诊疗一体化方面，CDs展现出独特的"诊疗一体"功能，既能作为高对比度成像造影剂，又可实现靶向药物递送、光热协同治疗等创新疗法，为精准医疗提供了新的技术路径。然而，CDs的临床应用仍面临规模化制备工艺不成熟、长期体内安全性数据不足等关键挑战。未来研究应着重优化可控合成工艺、系统评估生物安全性，并通过多学科协同创新加速其临床转化进程。

关键词

荧光碳点（CDs）；生物医学；生物探针

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参考

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