传统解剖定位与实时超声引导腰麻在老年髋关节置换术中的应用比较
摘要
关节置换术的老年患者 90 例,年龄≥ 65 岁,BMI 18 ~ 35kg/m2
,ASA I ~ III 级。采用随机数字表法将患者分
为 3 组:传统解剖定位组(A 组),旁矢状斜位(B 组),轴位(C 组),每组 30 例。A 组采用传统解剖定位
法定位腰椎穿刺间隙。B 组采用实时超声引导的旁失状斜位法定位腰椎穿刺间隙。C 组采用实时超声引导的轴
位法定位腰椎穿刺间隙。记录各组患者的首次通过成功率、首次尝试成功率、穿刺次数、穿刺针通过次数、定
位时间、穿刺时间、平面固定时间、术中低血压发生率、术后不良反应情况发生率、更改麻醉方式率、患者满
意度。结果 与 A 组比较,B 组和 C 组首次通过成功率、首次尝试成功率升高,穿刺次数、穿刺针通过次数降低,
定位时间延长,穿刺时间缩短,患者满意度升高;与 B 组比较,C 组首次通过成功率升高;3 组患者平面固定
时间、术中低血压发生率、术后不良反应情况发生率、更改麻醉方式率无明显统计学差异。结论 实时超声引导
的旁矢状斜位和轴位腰麻可为老年髋关节置换术患者提供更高的穿刺效率,提供与传统解剖定位相同的麻醉效
果,其中轴位的首次通过成功率最高。
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